Monday 20 August 2012

Prevention of Calcitriol


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Prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism with either oral or intravenous administration of calcitriol has been recommended for dialysis patients. The use of calcitriol among patients with chronic kidney disease has been suggested, though evidence for its use is limited. The demonstrated benefits of predialysis calcitriol administration include a decrease in serum parathyroid levels.The primary risk of calcitriol administration is an elevated serum calcium level. Concern exists regarding the development of adynamic bone disease, which occurs with overzealous suppression of parathyroid hormone. A potential benefit of predialysis calcitriol administration is decreased secondary hyperparathyroidism after institution of hem dialysis.

Monitoring bone disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism may be considered less of a priority than other issues during the period leading up to dialysis. Oversight of bone disease management with the use of a protocol to monitor serum calcium, phosphorous, and iPTH levels may be a means for avoiding this problem. Dietitians familiar with bone disease issues, patient education, and calcitriol use seem an appropriate group to help in this endeavor.


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Thursday 9 August 2012

Effects of a Calcitriol


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A calcitriol administration protocol was used with patients beginning on June 1, 2001. Mean serum intact parathyroid hormone , calcium, and phosphorous levels from the three months preceding and three months following initiation of dialysis were measured. A significant difference in iPTH levels between patients treated under the calcitriol protocol and patients in the control group was observed. Patients with end-stage renal disease frequently develop secondary hyperparathyroidism because of decreased production of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D (calcitriol) in the kidneys. The onset of secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs early in chronic renal failure. Patients with glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) as high as 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 may begin to produce decreased levels of calcitriol, resulting in increased intact parathyroid hormone  and increased serum phosphorous levels.


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Tuesday 24 July 2012

Uses of Calcitriol


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Calcitriol is vitamin D3. Vitamin D is important for the absorption of calcium from the stomach and for the functioning of calcium in the body. Calcitriol is used to treat overactive parathyroid glands and metabolic bone disease in people who have chronic kidney failure and are not receiving dialysis. Calcitriol is also used to treat calcium deficiency and metabolic bone disease in people who are receiving dialysis. Calcitriol is also used to treat calcium deficiency in people with hyperparathyroidism caused by surgery, disease, or other conditions. Calcitriol is usually used along with specific diet recommendations and sometimes other medications.

Calcitriol, also known as the prescription drug Rocaltrol, is a synthetic drug that is part of the vitamin D family. This drug is specifically labeled as vitamin D3. It helps to absorb calcium in the stomach for use within the body. This drug is used by people who have calcium deficiencies caused by hyperparathyroidism and bone disorders caused by kidney failure. Calcitriol is a man-made active form of vitamin D. Most people get enough vitamin D from exposure to the sun and from fortified food products. Vitamin D helps control parathyroid hormone and the levels of certain minerals that are needed for building and keeping strong bones. Calcitriol is used in patients with kidney disease who can't make enough of the active form of Vitamin D.


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Friday 13 July 2012

Informations of Calcitriol


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Calcitriol is also famous as bioactive vitamin D is a steroid hormone playing important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, and in mineralization of bone. The receptors for vitamin D are present in a wide variety of cells, and that this hormone has biologic effects other than mineral metabolism. Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol is generated in the skin of animals when light energy is absorbed by a precursor molecule 7-dehydrocholesterol.Vitamin D, as either D3 or D2, does not have significant biological activity. It must be metabolized within the body to the hormonally-active form known as 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.

Calcitriol is available as a capsule, an oral liquid, and as an injection. It is generally very well tolerated. The primary side effect is too much calcium in the blood, called hypocalcaemia, which can be prevented with close monitoring of blood calcium levels. Common signs of hypocalcaemia include nausea and vomiting, constipation, drowsiness, decreased reflexes, weakness, increased urination, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Calcitriol increases levels of calcium in the blood in three different ways. The most important is increasing dietary calcium absorption from the small intestines. Calcitriol cannot be given to
patients with elevated serum calcium levels and monitoring is necessary to make sure serum calcium levels do not rise. Calictriol cannot be used in patients that have an elevated (greater than 6 mg/dl) plasma phosphorus level. Calicitriol might elevate phosphorus further at this stage which is exactly what we do not want.


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Saturday 23 June 2012

Precautions of Calcitriol


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Calcitriol

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Calcitriol is a form of vitamin D that is used to treat and prevent low levels of calcium in the blood of patients whose kidneys or parathyroid glands (glands in the neck that release natural substances to control the amount of calcium in the blood) are not working normally. Low blood levels of calcium may cause bone disease. There are differents precautions :

General : Excessive dosage of Calcitriol Injection induces hypocalcaemia and in some instances hypercalciuria; therefore, early in treatment during dosage adjustment, serum calcium and phosphorus should be determined at least twice weekly. Should hypocalcaemia develop, the drug should be discontinued immediately. Calcitriol Injection should be given cautiously to patients on digitalis, because hypocalcaemia in such patients may precipitate cardiac arrhythmias.

Information for the Patient : The patient and his or her parents should be informed about adherence to instructions about diet and calcium supplementation and avoidance of the use of unapproved non-prescription drugs, including magnesium-containing antacids.

Essential Laboratory Tests: Serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase and 24-hour urinary calcium and phosphorus should be determined periodically. During the initial phase of the medication, serum calcium and phosphorus should be determined more frequently (twice weekly).

Drug Interactions: Magnesium-containing antacid and Calcitriol Injection should not be used concomitantly, because such use may lead to the development of hypermagnesemia.

Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects: Calcitriol has been found to be teratogenic in rabbits when given orally at doses of 0.08 and 0.3 mcg/kg. Teratogenicity studies in rats at doses up to 0.45 mcg/kg orally showed no evidence of teratogenic potential. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.

Nursing Mothers : It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from calcitriol, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use : Pediatric use information is approved for Abbott Laboratories' calcitriol injection. However, due to Abbott Laboratories' marketing exclusivity rights, this drug product is not labeled for pediatric use.


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PLENUS BUILDING
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Mobile: 09737475726